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Bank guarantees of contractor of construction order
Šoula, Michal ; Comorek,, Martin (referee) ; Marková, Leonora (advisor)
The thesis deals with the topic of bank guarantees in the construction industry focusing on the contractor of the construction commission. The aim of this paper is the definition of bank guarantees in legal and economic terms, and on the basis of available literature, and also a proposal for the application of a bank guarantee in construction contracts. This thesis includes an overview of the products offered by national bank institutions in the field of bank guarantees and their comparison. The thesis contains an overview and description of bank guarantees used in the construction industry. The thesis focuses on a bank guarantee for the proper execution of the work (for the correct execution of the contract for work). There is described the progress of the guarantee from the contract for work until the warranty exercise and any dispute over the amount paid under the guarantee. Further, the paper deals with the use of bank guarantees in practice from the point of view of construction companies, focusing on the guarantee for the proper execution of the work. The thesis also describes solutions in the field of bank guarantees of construction companies, ways of surety, credit limits and bank charges for bank guarantees. In conclusion, there are described terms of the bank guarantee in the contract for work for the specific construction contracts and a method of preparation of the bid price for the contract with regard to where the cost appears applying the bank guarantee at the contractor's bid price. The contribution of this thesis is a comprehensive overview of bank guarantees in the construction industry and their application intended for a contractor of the construction commission.
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The use of qualitative modeling in solving problems associated with external credit rating
Krejčíř, Jaroslav ; Kulhánek, Lumír (referee) ; Dohnal, Mirko (referee) ; Myšková, Renáta (referee) ; Rejnuš, Oldřich (advisor)
The doctoral dissertation studies applications of the methods of qualitative modelling to solve problems associated with external credit ratings. Qualitative modelling is a tool which can solve tasks under shortage of relevant information items. Correlation analysis is used if relevant data sets are available and complement the qualitative analysis. External credit rating assessments are closely related to possibilities of insolvency of business entities and the subsequent bankruptcies. Mutual interlinks of bankruptcy probabilities and qualitative models are presented in details. Two specific models are given. Due to the adopted legislative measures were also tested match of the ratings from a variety of external credit rating agencies using cluster and correlation analysis. The above mentioned results are used to develop a qualitative model of external credit ratings, which is the main outcome of this dissertation. The results of model scenarios of assessment of the influence of regulation external credit rating on the business entity, investors, as well as regulatory authorities are presented in details.
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Does the Role of the Rating Prior to the Announcement Explain Different Influence of Credit Rating Downgrades and Upgrades on Stock Prices?
Sedlář, Jan ; Andrlíková, Petra (advisor) ; Lelovská, Adriána (referee)
The thesis examines whether the role of credit rating prior to the announcement of credit rating change is the neglected factor explaining in large extent the paradox investigated in prior papers that downgrades influence the stock prices of company but upgrades not. It is motivated by the notion that credit rating changes from low credit rating classes influence the stock price of company more distinctively than changes from higher credit rating classes and there is proportionally more downgrades from low credit rating classes than upgrades. The large sample of credit rating changes including proportionally more upgrades from low credit rating classes than downgrades is collected and the results suggesting the influence of downgrades on stock prices of company and any influence of upgrades persist. Furthermore when controlled for credit rating prior to the announcement of credit rating change, magnitude of credit rating change, crossing the investment-speculative barrier, credit rating changes within and across credit rating categories, consecutive credit rating changes in the same direction and industry sector of issuer all the results are consistent with the original conclusions proposing significant stock price reaction to announcements of credit rating downgrades and no stock price response to...
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Korporátní úvěrové riziko v rámci Basel II
Kubíček, Martin ; Mejstřík, Michal (advisor)
This thesis presents research on corporate credit risk modeling under the New Basel Capital Accord framework using a real data set. This study provides theoretical foundations of credit risk modeling under the New Basel Capital Accord as well as empirical application of credit risk modeling to a unique data set of Czech companies provided by Creditreform. Several alternative logit regression models are presented, statistically tested and compared. Furthermore, two distinct approaches to calibration of rating classes of a rating system are developed and validated. Finally, the minimum regulatory capital requirements under the standardized approach and the internal ratings based approach of the New Basel Capital Accord are calculated and compared to the capital requirements under the current regulation. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Credit rating from the perspective of law and economics
Belvončíková, Barbora ; Chytilová, Helena (advisor) ; Seknička, Pavel (referee)
Credit rating is an important financial indicator of the debtor's ability to repay the debt duly and on time and it is expressed in a simple form of credit score. It has been talked about the issue of credit rating particularly in context of the financial crisis 2008 because of the failure of credit rating agencies and their contribution to global dimensions of the crisis. This thesis critically assesses the European legal regulation of credit rating in the light of 2008 financial crisis. The evaluation is carried through an economic analysis of law while also using the knowledge of behavioural economics, so that efficiency of both individual provisions and legal regulation as a whole is examined. The fundamental problem of current regulation is its ambiguity, as on the one hand it promotes greater institutionalization of credit rating and on the other hand it promotes greater market discipline of financial market participants. This dichotomy is inefficient because it does not provide for clear incentives neither for investors, nor for issuers or credit rating agencies. Key finding of this thesis is that credit rating regulation would be more efficient if it was aimed exclusively at supporting market discipline. It is important to draw conclusions from analysis of the efficiency of current...
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Korporátní úvěrové riziko v rámci Basel II
Kubíček, Martin ; Mejstřík, Michal (advisor)
This thesis presents research on corporate credit risk modeling under the New Basel Capital Accord framework using a real data set. This study provides theoretical foundations of credit risk modeling under the New Basel Capital Accord as well as empirical application of credit risk modeling to a unique data set of Czech companies provided by Creditreform. Several alternative logit regression models are presented, statistically tested and compared. Furthermore, two distinct approaches to calibration of rating classes of a rating system are developed and validated. Finally, the minimum regulatory capital requirements under the standardized approach and the internal ratings based approach of the New Basel Capital Accord are calculated and compared to the capital requirements under the current regulation. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Tax avoidance and Credit Rating association
Orlova, Daria ; Watrin, Christoph (advisor) ; Molín, Jan (referee)
In this research, I present the analysis of the relationship between credit rating and tax avoidance. I found out that the lower the cash effective tax rate the stronger the association with credit rating. Sensitivity analysis showed that the probability of falling into more favorable credit rating category is increases and the probability of falling into less favorable category decreases if cash effective tax rate increases at least by 1%. Also, the negative association between book-tax differences and credit rating found.
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Does the Role of the Rating Prior to the Announcement Explain Different Influence of Credit Rating Downgrades and Upgrades on Stock Prices?
Sedlář, Jan ; Andrlíková, Petra (advisor) ; Lelovská, Adriána (referee)
The thesis examines whether the role of credit rating prior to the announcement of credit rating change is the neglected factor explaining in large extent the paradox investigated in prior papers that downgrades influence the stock prices of company but upgrades not. It is motivated by the notion that credit rating changes from low credit rating classes influence the stock price of company more distinctively than changes from higher credit rating classes and there is proportionally more downgrades from low credit rating classes than upgrades. The large sample of credit rating changes including proportionally more upgrades from low credit rating classes than downgrades is collected and the results suggesting the influence of downgrades on stock prices of company and any influence of upgrades persist. Furthermore when controlled for credit rating prior to the announcement of credit rating change, magnitude of credit rating change, crossing the investment-speculative barrier, credit rating changes within and across credit rating categories, consecutive credit rating changes in the same direction and industry sector of issuer all the results are consistent with the original conclusions proposing significant stock price reaction to announcements of credit rating downgrades and no stock price response to...
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Credit rating agencies and their impact on the bond markets of EU countries
Havlíček, Tomáš ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Jánský, Ivo (referee)
This thesis analyses long and short-term perception of announcements issued by leading credit rating agencies (Fitch, Moody's and S&P) in sovereign bond markets. Using three empirical approaches we assess the nature of impact of CRAs on 10Y sovereign bond yields and 5Y CDS of 24 countries of EU between 2002 and 2012. We find significant response of sovereign bond yield and CDS spreads to downgrades and negative outlooks. Furthermore there is evidence of anticipative power of sovereign bond markets in foreseeing negative events implying CRAs lag the market. The spillover effect from credit rating announcements has been revealed between both EMU and non-EMU parts of EU implying the financial integration is not limited only to countries with common currency. Well performing economies outside EMU are resistant to contagion. JEL Classification C23, F34, G10, G14, G15 Keywords credit rating; credit default swap; rating agency; sovereign bond; EU Author's e-mail tomhav@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail roman.horvath@gmail.com
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Bank guarantees of contractor of construction order
Šoula, Michal ; Comorek,, Martin (referee) ; Marková, Leonora (advisor)
The thesis deals with the topic of bank guarantees in the construction industry focusing on the contractor of the construction commission. The aim of this paper is the definition of bank guarantees in legal and economic terms, and on the basis of available literature, and also a proposal for the application of a bank guarantee in construction contracts. This thesis includes an overview of the products offered by national bank institutions in the field of bank guarantees and their comparison. The thesis contains an overview and description of bank guarantees used in the construction industry. The thesis focuses on a bank guarantee for the proper execution of the work (for the correct execution of the contract for work). There is described the progress of the guarantee from the contract for work until the warranty exercise and any dispute over the amount paid under the guarantee. Further, the paper deals with the use of bank guarantees in practice from the point of view of construction companies, focusing on the guarantee for the proper execution of the work. The thesis also describes solutions in the field of bank guarantees of construction companies, ways of surety, credit limits and bank charges for bank guarantees. In conclusion, there are described terms of the bank guarantee in the contract for work for the specific construction contracts and a method of preparation of the bid price for the contract with regard to where the cost appears applying the bank guarantee at the contractor's bid price. The contribution of this thesis is a comprehensive overview of bank guarantees in the construction industry and their application intended for a contractor of the construction commission.
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